Revenue recognition for the sale of paper
and pulp
The Group has presented its accounting
principles for the recognition of revenue from
the sale of paper and pulp in the notes, as
well as revenue-related disclosures in Notes
3 and 4.1 to the consolidated financial
statements. For the financial year ended 31
December 2025, the Group generated
revenue from sale of paper and pulp totalling
PLN 3,197.6 million (2024: PLN 3,434.7
million), arising from the following sources:
● sale of paper;
● sale of pulp.
This matter was an area of our particular
focus due to the fact that the application of
appropriate financial reporting principles
relating to the recognition, measurement and
presentation of revenue is complex and
requires management to make judgments,
including those related to the allocation of
transaction prices arising from sale of paper
and pulp to the respective performance
obligations. In addition, the correct
determination of revenue relies on the use of
complex IT systems for data processing.
Given the significance of revenue to the
consolidated financial statements, the need
for estimates and judgments, as well as the
potential risk of fraud, we determined this
matter to be a key audit matter.
Our audit procedures included, in particular:
● obtaining an understanding of and assessing the
internal control environment, including the IT
environment, relating to the recognition, measurement
and presentation of the different types of sales
revenue;
● assessing the compliance of the revenue recognition
accounting policies with the applicable financial
reporting standards, in particular those relating to
significant accounting estimates and judgments;
● reviewing significant sales agreements and related
contracts entered into by the Group;
● testing internal controls, on a sample basis, over the
correctness and accuracy of applied sales prices, as
well as the consistency of invoices with sales
orders/price lists and the consistency of invoices with
shipping documents;
● performing substantive procedures, on a sample
basis, including confirmations of selected aspects of
transactions with customers or reconciling issued sales
invoices, goods issue and delivery documents for sold
products and goods to the corresponding customer
contracts, applied sales prices and received payments;
● performing substantive procedures relating to the
appropriateness of the timing of revenue recognition
based on a selected sample;
● testing, on a sample basis, the accuracy and
completeness of the recognition of sales discounts and
marketing campaigns;
● analysing non
‑
standard journal entries in the
transaction journal for the audited year;
● incorporating an element of unpredictability in the
selection of the nature, timing and extent of audit
procedures;
● assessing the accuracy and completeness of
disclosures relating to revenue from sale of paper and
pulp in the consolidated financial statements.